Arizona Persian
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From: Persian of OZ
Date: 24 Sep 2000
Time: 06:25:11
Remote Name: 203.101.63.240
Persian grammar is different from English, in that the order of a sentence is : subject - object- verb. Also verbs are generally a combined word.
The intonation order of the sentence is generally on the word before the last word: eg "Sydney is in Australia" becomes "Sydney dar Ostralia ast. But for negative sentences the stress is the last word: eg "I am not in Sydney" becomes " man dar Sydney neestam" You may need to practice this as it is not that easy to convey this phonetically.
Persian language is genderless. That is unlike French there are no masculine or feminine words. Most importantly, there is no difference between "he" or "she" (grammatically), eg "he came here" or "she came here" are both "oo injaa aamad" (oo sounds as in "oo" in "hood"). Therefore to distinguish who this "oo" is, we may add the gender to the sentence, eg "mardee injaa aamad" means "a man came here", and "zanee injaa aamad" becomes "a woman came here".
There is no definitive article in Persian as in "the" in English. Though one may argue that "raa" could be interpreted as such. Eg, "I bought the book" = "kettaab raa khareedam" and "I bought a book" = "kettaabee khareedam" (kh here sounds like ch in German or ch in Scottish). You have noticed here that "ee" suffix means "a" thus making the object non-specific, whereas "raa" just like "the" makes the object specific.
The order of adjectives is also different from English. Adjective always follows the noun, eg "a good book" = "kettaabee khoob (a book good)".
The plural maker in Persian is "haa" and "aan" (note that when I write "aa" it means it should be read like the letter "a" in the word "far"). Now "haa" is a universal plural maker for everything, whereas "aan" is only used for living things. Eg "books" = "kettaabhaa", and "animals" = "jaanevaraan". Just a short digression the name "Iran" is short for "Aryan" which has been derived from the word "Aeerya" or "Arya" meaning noble or "aazaadeh" in Persian. Plural of these words are "Aeeryaan" or "Aryan" meaning nobles. Iran was originally known to Iranians as "Iranshahr" or "Iranzameen" both meaning "land of Aryans" which later was modified to Iran. Iran has only been known to the rest of the world as "Persia" due to the Greek influence. Just a bit of history for you lol.
Another funny thing in the Persian grammar is that, verbs do not necessarily follow the state of the subject, ie whereas in English verbs get modified for singular and plural subjects, in Persian this pattern is not consistent. Eg "My books are here" = "kettaabhaaye man injaast" instead of "kettaabhaaye man inja hastand". But one important thing in Persian is that verbs get modified depending on who the subject is by adding the following suffixes to the end of the verbs: first person singular, add am; second person singular, add ee; third person singular no change; first person plural, add eem; second person plural, add eed; third person plural, add and.
Some useful words:
this = een
these = eenhaa
that = aan
those = aanhaa
and = va. However in conversation "va" may become "o". Eg "table and chair" = "meez va sandalee" or "meez o sandalee".
The interrogative sentences also do not follow the structure of English. The interrogative words are:
who = kee (as in key)
what = cheh = chee
why = cherraa
when = kay
which = kodaam
The interrogative sentences are easy to pick up in spoken conversation due to the inquisitive tone of the sentence. However, the above words do not appear at the start of the sentence, which make it difficult for a reader of the sentence to detect the interrogative sentence straight away, only to find out that the sentence is interrogative half way through the sentence, or by noticing a question mark at the end. Eg "what was that?" = "ann cheh bood".
Have I lost you yet? Any questions?
cheers
